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Caracterización de la fracción lipídica del café verde en variedades mejoradas de Coffea arabica L.
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ácidos grasos
tocoferoles
lípidos
calidad sensorial
Coffee varieties
fatty acids
tocopherols
lipids
sensory quality
Variedades de café
ácidos graxos
tocoferóis
lipídios
sensory quality
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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La fracción lipídica del grano de café, así como los compuestos que la componen, cumplen una función importante en la calidad sensorial del café. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar químicamente, la fracción lipídica del café verde en las variedades Tabi, Cenicafé 1 y Castillo® Naranjal, Castillo® El Tambo y Castillo® Pueblo Bello, procedentes de lotes cultivados en diferentes localidades de Colombia durante dos años de cosecha. Se determinaron los contenidos de lípidos totales, la composición de ácidos grasos (palmítico, esteárico, oleico, linoleico, araquídico) y los isómeros ?-, ?-, ?-, y ?- Tocoferol. Las muestras se evaluaron sensorialmente, de acuerdo con el método empleado por Almacafé, según la norma NTC 4883. El contenido promedio de lípidos totales varió entre 10,7-12,3% en base seca (b.s), presentando diferencias significativas para la variedad Tabi con respecto a las demás variedades. Los contenidos promedios de tocoferoles (vitamina E) estuvieron en el rango entre 40,6-60,2 mg de vitamina E/100 g aceite de café, se destaca el isómero ?-Tocoferol por contenidos superiores a los reportados. En cuanto a la composición de ácidos grasos, se identificaron como ácidos mayoritarios al ácido palmítico con un contenido entre 38,7-40,5%, seguido por el ácido linoleico con un contenido promedio entre 34,1%-37,9%. Respecto a la evaluación sensorial, el atributo impresión global clasificó en promedio la calidad en taza de las variedades como muestras estándar, con valores de rangos de calificación inferiores a 4,5 debido posiblemente a un proceso de poscosecha deficiente, el cual tiene incidencia en la calidad de la bebida.
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