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Estructura y distribución lumínica en el dosel de dos progenies de café con ángulos foliares diferentes
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hojas
ramas
tamaño
coeficiente de extinción
Coffea arabica L.
leaves
branches
size
extinction coefficient
Coffea arabica L.
folhas
galhos
tamanho
coeficiente de extinção
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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Resumen
En cultivos perennes, incluido el café, son pocos los estudios que asocian el ángulo de inclinación foliar con la estructura y la distribución lumínica presente en el dosel. En el presente estudio se determinaron las diferencias en la estructura y la distribución teórica de la luz en el dosel de dos progenies de café con ángulos foliares diferentes. En la Estación Experimental Naranjal de Cenicafé (Caldas, Colombia), se evaluaron plantas de Coffea arabica L. con cuatro años sembrados, con una densidad de 6.668 plantas/ha, de las progenies CU1911 (hojas de inclinación vertical) y CX2391 (hojas de inclinación horizontal). Se midieron siete variables estructurales asociadas al follaje y siete respecto al tallo, y se midieron nueve variables en tres perfiles del árbol. Los parámetros de las funciones Elipsoidal y Beta, coeficiente de extinción, fracción de intercepción de la radiación e índice de área foliar iluminado se estimaron matemáticamente. Las comparaciones se realizaron con la prueba t o U de Mann-Whitney (?= 0,05) entre genotipos y con la prueba Duncan (?= 0,05) entre perfiles. Características como el tamaño de la hoja, el número de hojas y en menor grado la altura de la planta, presentan cambios que podrían asociarse con la distribución lumínica (coeficiente de extinción) dentro del dosel, y esta con el ángulo foliar. La fracción de intercepción de la radiación y el índice de área foliar iluminado sugieren diferentes desempeños teóricos fotosintéticos. El crecimiento en las ramas no se asoció con el gradiente lumínico.
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